What term refers to the speed at which data can be transmitted over a network?

The correct term that refers to the speed at which data can be transmitted over a network is bandwidth. Bandwidth represents the maximum rate of data that can be transferred over a network path in a given amount of time, typically measured in bits per second (bps). It essentially dictates the capacity of the network connection and is a crucial factor in determining how much data can be sent or received at any given time.

While throughput is also a related term that indicates the actual amount of data successfully transmitted over a network in a given timeframe, it does not represent the theoretical maximum capacity as bandwidth does. Latency refers to the delay before a transfer of data begins following an instruction for its transfer, and jitter describes the variation in latency over time. Neither of these factors alone specifies the speed of data transmission like bandwidth does. Hence, in the context of measuring the network's speed capabilities, bandwidth is the most appropriate term.