Which two components are essential parts of a central processing unit (CPU)?

The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) and the Control Unit (CU) are fundamental components of a central processing unit (CPU). The ALU is responsible for performing all arithmetic and logical operations, such as addition, subtraction, and comparisons. It handles the actual data processing tasks required by the CPU.

The Control Unit, on the other hand, orchestrates the operation of the CPU and the coordination of instructions from the program being executed. It directs the movement of data between the CPU, memory, and input/output devices, ensuring that the correct operations are performed in sequence.

Together, these components enable the CPU to process instructions efficiently, making them essential for the functioning of any computing system. Without the ALU and CU, a CPU would lack the capability to carry out any meaningful tasks or calculations.